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Gyromitra infula
''Gyromitra infula'', commonly known as the hooded false morel or the elfin saddle, is a fungus in the family Helvellaceae. The dark reddish-brown caps of the fruit bodies develop a characteristic saddle-shape in maturity, and the ends of both saddle lobes are drawn out to sharp tips that project above the level of the fruit body. The stipe is white or flushed pale brown, smooth on the outside, but hollow with some chambers inside. It is found in the Northern Hemisphere, usually in the late summer and autumn, growing on rotting wood or on hard packed ground. ''G. infula'' is considered inedible as it contains the toxic compound gyromitrin, which, when metabolized by the body, is converted into monomethylhydrazine, a component of some rocket fuels. The toxin may be removed by thorough cooking. ''Gyromitra'' fungi are included in the informal category "false morels".
==Taxonomy==
The fungus was first described in 1774 by German mycologist Jacob Christian Schäffer as ''Helvella infula'' (the original genus spelling was ''Elvela'').〔 In 1849, Elias Magnus Fries established the genus ''Gyromitra'', distinguishing it from ''Helvella'' based on a gyrose hymenium (marked with wavy lines or convolutions); the genus was based on the type species ''Gyromitra esculenta''.〔 Later, in 1886, French mycologist Lucien Quélet transferred the species to ''Gyromitra''. The next few decades witnessed some lingering confusion as to the correct taxonomical placement of these fungi. In 1907, Jean Boudier moved both ''G. esculenta'' and ''H. infula'' into a newly created genus he called ''Physomitra''; he retained the genus ''Gyromitra'' but "based it on an entirely different character so as to exclude from the genus the very species on which it was founded".〔 In an attempt to reconcile the confusion surrounding the naming and identity of the two mushrooms, Fred J. Seaver proposed that both were synonymous, representing variable forms of the same species.〔 His suggestion was not adopted by later mycologists, who identified various differences between the two species, including fruiting time as well as macroscopic and microscopic differences.〔〔
The genus name is derived from the Greek words ''gyros''/γυρος "round" and ''mitra''/μιτρα "headband";〔 the specific epithet is from the Latin ''infǔla'', a heavy band of twisted wool worn by Roman officiants at sacrifices.〔 It is known more commonly as the elfin saddle〔 or the hooded false morel.〔 Additionally, ''G. infula'' is a member of a group of fungi collectively known as "false morels", so named for their resemblance to the highly regarded edible true morels of the genus ''Morchella''. This group includes other species of the genus ''Gyromitra'', such as ''G. esculenta'' (brain mushroom), ''G. caroliniana'' (beefsteak mushroom) and ''G. gigas'' (snow morel).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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